Definition of JIHAD and RADICALISM

    

                                            Definition of Jihad

Jihad is derived from the word al-juhd  that effort and difficulty. It is said that the word jihad is derived from the word jaahada, yujaahidu, jihaadan and mujaahadatan which means it is taking all efforts and strive mightily and bear all the difficulties in the fight against the enemy and resist aggression, which in a sense is now known as al-harb (war) , namely armed combat between the two countries or more.
Jihad by language means "Trying hard" or "Fight", while in the Islamic context means "Striving to uphold the Islamic sharia"

Jihad is upholding Kalimatullah, strengthening the status of guidance on the earth's surface and maintain the true religion. Therefore jihad precedence over the Sunnah Hajj, Umrah and more mainstream than sunnah prayer and fasting sunnat. In jihad collected all kinds of worship, both physically and spiritually. Inner worship as ascetic, leaving hometown, curb lust and others.

Jihad in the sense of ethical, is part of the human struggle to uphold the moral order on earth. This is one of the major commands in the Qur'an. This is somewhat contrary to the technical meaning of jihad in political fiqh is as a struggle against enemies that appear. The original religious meaning is the struggle against one's base desires. Bathiniah Jihad has said Muhammad as "greater jihad," while the external war is said to be "lesser jihad". The ability to forgive demanding jihad against one's anger and hatred for the sake of restoring the spiritual condition in a way to imitate God's forgiving nature.
Allah is very glorifying jihad, include them in all verses of the Koran were derived after the Hijra. God was denounced for people who leave and run away from him and taste them as hypocrites and be sick.

                                                     Definition of Radicalism

Radicalism is a rigid religious attitude and also simultaneously contain violence in action. This contrasts with the notion of fundamentalism although derived from the same root. If the radicals are the negative effects resulting from fundamentalist views. While fundamentalism itself is a confidence to return to the fundamentalist principles and emphasis on rigid and literalist elements. Fundamentalist religious radicalism is the spirit in fundamentalism-fundamentalism because it is a defense mechanism that emerged as a reaction to a crisis that threatens.

Because of radicalism that emerged in response to modernity then we should look at the relationship between tradition and modernity objectively. Peter L. Berger offers two strategies in response to the revolution of modernity and secularization that religion (religious revolution) which is how the clergy capable of changing society as a whole and presents a modern religion, while the second is a subculture of religion (religion subcultures) that is how our efforts to prevent influences from the outside it does not easily fit into the religion.

At least, there are two things that led to the emergence of violence which is still widely discussed in various parts of the world. The first is because the pressure of the ruling political regime, to certain Islamic groups, so that they do not get the right to freedom of speech. The second is due to the failures of the secular ideology of the regime, so that the violence has been attacked on religious life.
For those who reject their efforts to modernity, will tend to fundamentalist attitudes. In contrast to the parties that accept modernity, they will be secular or religious matters separate from the worldly life and separating religion from politics and the state. And from here it will appear violent attitudes. And that most are from fundamentalist groups because they are always excluded, marginalized, even persecuted. It is also said by Ali Khan that the emergence of terror or violence caused by those who continue to feel marginalized and disadvantaged (The agrieved Group). This group believes that violence is the only way for their deliverance.
Violence in religion arises also because of incompetence in the face of modernity and change. Especially in the radical Islamic movement because understanding the religion tends textual, narrow, black and white. makes understanding will easily lead the reader on a rigid religious attitude and conservative. Understanding of religion is very dynamic. Therefore an open reading (not cramped) will keep us from attitudes that violent.
Violence is not a wise bid to address the consequence of modernity. Islam has a lot of the framework for peace. However, the meanings of peace in Islam has been marred by several violent behavior committed by radical movements.
Then to the solution is to present Islam as a universal doctrine that provides direction for the creation of peace on earth, and the need for action raising efforts to deny any violence and terrorism, and also foster moderate religious character.