Definition of
Jihad
Jihad is derived from the word al-juhd that effort and difficulty. It is said that
the word jihad is derived from the word jaahada, yujaahidu,
jihaadan and mujaahadatan
which means it is taking all efforts and strive mightily and bear all the
difficulties in the fight against the enemy and resist aggression, which in a
sense is now known as al-harb (war) , namely armed combat between the two
countries or more.
Jihad by language means "Trying hard"
or "Fight", while in the
Islamic context means "Striving to uphold the
Islamic sharia"
Jihad is upholding Kalimatullah,
strengthening the status of guidance on the earth's surface and maintain the
true religion. Therefore jihad precedence over the Sunnah Hajj, Umrah and more
mainstream than sunnah prayer and fasting sunnat. In jihad collected all kinds
of worship, both physically and spiritually. Inner worship as ascetic, leaving
hometown, curb lust and others.
Jihad in the sense of ethical, is part of
the human struggle to uphold the moral order on earth. This is one of the major
commands in the Qur'an. This is somewhat contrary to the technical meaning of
jihad in political fiqh is as a struggle against enemies that appear. The
original religious meaning is the struggle against one's base desires.
Bathiniah Jihad has said Muhammad as "greater jihad," while the
external war is said to be "lesser jihad". The ability to forgive
demanding jihad against one's anger and hatred for the sake of restoring the
spiritual condition in a way to imitate God's forgiving nature.
Allah is very glorifying jihad, include them in all verses of the Koran were
derived after the Hijra. God was denounced for people who leave and run away
from him and taste them as hypocrites and be sick.
Definition of Radicalism
Radicalism is a rigid religious attitude
and also simultaneously contain violence in action. This contrasts with the
notion of fundamentalism although derived from the same root. If the radicals
are the negative effects resulting from fundamentalist views. While
fundamentalism itself is a confidence to return to the fundamentalist
principles and emphasis on rigid and literalist elements. Fundamentalist
religious radicalism is the spirit in fundamentalism-fundamentalism because it
is a defense mechanism that emerged as a reaction to a crisis that threatens.
Because of radicalism that emerged in response to modernity then we should look
at the relationship between tradition and modernity objectively. Peter L.
Berger offers two strategies in response to the revolution of modernity and
secularization that religion (religious revolution) which is how the clergy
capable of changing society as a whole and presents a modern religion, while
the second is a subculture of religion (religion subcultures) that is how our
efforts to prevent influences from the outside it does not easily fit into the
religion.
At least, there are two things that led to the emergence of violence which is
still widely discussed in various parts of the world. The first is because the
pressure of the ruling political regime, to certain Islamic groups, so that
they do not get the right to freedom of speech. The second is due to the
failures of the secular ideology of the regime, so that the violence has been
attacked on religious life.
For those who reject their efforts to modernity, will tend to fundamentalist
attitudes. In contrast to the parties that accept modernity, they will be
secular or religious matters separate from the worldly life and separating
religion from politics and the state. And from here it will appear violent
attitudes. And that most are from fundamentalist groups because they are always
excluded, marginalized, even persecuted. It is also said by Ali Khan that the
emergence of terror or violence caused by those who continue to feel
marginalized and disadvantaged (The agrieved Group). This group believes that
violence is the only way for their deliverance.
Violence in religion arises also because of incompetence in the face of
modernity and change. Especially in the radical Islamic movement because
understanding the religion tends textual, narrow, black and white. makes understanding
will easily lead the reader on a rigid religious attitude and conservative.
Understanding of religion is very dynamic. Therefore an open reading (not
cramped) will keep us from attitudes that violent.
Violence is not a wise bid to address the consequence of modernity. Islam has a
lot of the framework for peace. However, the meanings of peace in Islam has
been marred by several violent behavior committed by radical movements.
Then to the solution is to present Islam as a universal doctrine that provides
direction for the creation of peace on earth, and the need for action raising
efforts to deny any violence and terrorism, and also foster moderate religious
character.
